files.c

/**************************************************************************
 *   files.c                                                              *
 *                                                                        *
 *   Copyright (C) 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007,  *
 *   2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.    *
 *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify *
 *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by *
 *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)  *
 *   any later version.                                                   *
 *                                                                        *
 *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but  *
 *   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of           *
 *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU    *
 *   General Public License for more details.                             *
 *                                                                        *
 *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License    *
 *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software          *
 *   Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA            *
 *   02110-1301, USA.                                                     *
 *                                                                        *
 **************************************************************************/

#include "proto.h"

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <utime.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <libgen.h>

#define LOCKBUFSIZE 8192

/* Verify that the containing directory of the given filename exists. */
bool has_valid_path(const char *filename)
{
    char *namecopy = mallocstrcpy(NULL, filename);
    char *parentdir = dirname(namecopy);
    struct stat parentinfo;
    bool validity = FALSE;

    if (stat(parentdir, &parentinfo) == -1) {
	if (errno == ENOENT)
	    statusline(ALERT, _("Directory '%s' does not exist"), parentdir);
	else
	    statusline(ALERT, _("Path '%s': %s"), parentdir, strerror(errno));
    } else if (!S_ISDIR(parentinfo.st_mode))
	statusline(ALERT, _("Path '%s' is not a directory"), parentdir);
    else if (access(parentdir, X_OK) == -1)
	statusline(ALERT, _("Path '%s' is not accessible"), parentdir);
    else
	validity = TRUE;

    free(namecopy);

    return validity;
}

/* Add an entry to the circular list of openfile structs. */
void make_new_buffer(void)
{
    if (openfile == NULL) {
	openfile = make_new_opennode();

	/* Make the first open file the only element in the list. */
	openfile->prev = openfile;
	openfile->next = openfile;
    } else {
	openfilestruct *newnode = make_new_opennode();

	/* Add the new open file after the current one in the list. */
	newnode->prev = openfile;
	newnode->next = openfile->next;
	openfile->next->prev = newnode;
	openfile->next = newnode;

	/* Make the new file the current one. */
	openfile = newnode;

	/* There is more than one file open: show Close in help lines. */
	exitfunc->desc = close_tag;
    }

    /* Start initializing the new buffer. */
    openfile->filename = mallocstrcpy(NULL, "");

    initialize_buffer_text();

    openfile->current_x = 0;
    openfile->placewewant = 0;
    openfile->current_y = 0;

    openfile->modified = FALSE;
#ifndef NANO_TINY
    openfile->mark_set = FALSE;
    openfile->mark_begin = NULL;
    openfile->mark_begin_x = 0;

    openfile->fmt = NIX_FILE;

    openfile->undotop = NULL;
    openfile->current_undo = NULL;
    openfile->last_action = OTHER;

    openfile->current_stat = NULL;
    openfile->lock_filename = NULL;
#endif
#ifndef DISABLE_COLOR
    openfile->syntax = NULL;
    openfile->colorstrings = NULL;
#endif
}

/* Initialize the text of the current openfile struct. */
void initialize_buffer_text(void)
{
    assert(openfile != NULL);

    openfile->fileage = make_new_node(NULL);
    openfile->fileage->data = mallocstrcpy(NULL, "");

    openfile->filebot = openfile->fileage;
    openfile->edittop = openfile->fileage;
    openfile->current = openfile->fileage;

    openfile->totsize = 0;
}

/* Mark the current file as modified if it isn't already, and then
 * update the titlebar to display the file's new status. */
void set_modified(void)
{
    if (openfile->modified)
	return;

    openfile->modified = TRUE;
    titlebar(NULL);

#ifndef NANO_TINY
    if (!ISSET(LOCKING) || openfile->filename[0] == '\0')
	return;

    if (openfile->lock_filename == NULL) {
	/* TRANSLATORS: Keep the next two messages at most 76 characters. */
	statusline(ALERT, _("Warning: Modifying a file which is not locked,"
			" check directory permission?"));
    } else {
	char *fullname = get_full_path(openfile->filename);
	write_lockfile(openfile->lock_filename, fullname, TRUE);
	free(fullname);
    }
#endif
}

#ifndef NANO_TINY
/* Actually write the lockfile.  This function will ALWAYS annihilate
 * any previous version of the file.  We'll borrow INSECURE_BACKUP here
 * to decide about lockfile paranoia here as well...
 *
 * Args:
 *     lockfilename: file name for lock
 *     origfilename: name of the file the lock is for
 *     modified: whether to set the modified bit in the file
 *
 * Returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure (but continue loading), -1 on
 * failure and abort. */
int write_lockfile(const char *lockfilename, const char *origfilename, bool modified)
{
    int cflags, fd;
    FILE *filestream;
    pid_t mypid;
    uid_t myuid;
    struct passwd *mypwuid;
    struct stat fileinfo;
    char *lockdata = charalloc(1024);
    char myhostname[32];
    ssize_t lockdatalen = 1024;
    ssize_t wroteamt;

    /* Run things which might fail first before we try and blow away the
     * old state. */
    myuid = geteuid();
    if ((mypwuid = getpwuid(myuid)) == NULL) {
	statusline(ALERT, _("Couldn't determine my identity for lock file "
				"(getpwuid() failed)"));
	goto free_and_fail;
    }
    mypid = getpid();

    if (gethostname(myhostname, 31) < 0) {
	if (errno == ENAMETOOLONG)
	    myhostname[31] = '\0';
	else {
	    statusline(ALERT, _("Couldn't determine hostname for lock file: %s"),
			strerror(errno));
	    goto free_and_fail;
	}
    }

    /* Check if the lock exists before we try to delete it...*/
    if (stat(lockfilename, &fileinfo) != -1)
	if (delete_lockfile(lockfilename) < 0)
	    goto free_and_fail;

    if (ISSET(INSECURE_BACKUP))
	cflags = O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_APPEND;
    else
	cflags = O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_APPEND;

    fd = open(lockfilename, cflags,
		S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP | S_IROTH | S_IWOTH);

    /* Maybe we just don't have write access.  Print an error message
     * and continue. */
    if (fd < 0) {
	statusline(ALERT, _("Error writing lock file %s: %s"),
			lockfilename, strerror(errno));
	free(lockdata);
	return 0;
    }

    /* Now we've got a safe file stream.  If the previous open() call
     * failed, this will return NULL. */
    filestream = fdopen(fd, "wb");

    if (fd < 0 || filestream == NULL) {
	statusline(ALERT, _("Error writing lock file %s: %s"), lockfilename,
			strerror(errno));
	goto free_and_fail;
    }

    /* Okay, so at the moment we're following this state for how to
     * store the lock data:
     *
     * byte 0        - 0x62
     * byte 1        - 0x30
     * bytes 2-12    - program name which created the lock
     * bytes 24,25   - little endian store of creator program's PID
     *                 (b24 = 256^0 column, b25 = 256^1 column)
     * bytes 28-44   - username of who created the lock
     * bytes 68-100  - hostname of where the lock was created
     * bytes 108-876 - filename the lock is for
     * byte 1007     - 0x55 if file is modified
     *
     * Looks like VIM also stores undo state in this file, so we're
     * gonna have to figure out how to slap a 'OMG don't use recover on
     * our lockfile' message in here...
     *
     * This is likely very wrong, so this is a WIP. */
    memset(lockdata, 0, lockdatalen);
    lockdata[0] = 0x62;
    lockdata[1] = 0x30;
    lockdata[24] = mypid % 256;
    lockdata[25] = mypid / 256;
    snprintf(&lockdata[2], 11, "nano %s", VERSION);
    strncpy(&lockdata[28], mypwuid->pw_name, 16);
    strncpy(&lockdata[68], myhostname, 31);
    strncpy(&lockdata[108], origfilename, 768);
    if (modified == TRUE)
	lockdata[1007] = 0x55;

    wroteamt = fwrite(lockdata, sizeof(char), lockdatalen, filestream);
    if (wroteamt < lockdatalen) {
	statusline(ALERT, _("Error writing lock file %s: %s"),
		lockfilename, ferror(filestream));
	goto free_and_fail;
    }

#ifdef DEBUG
    fprintf(stderr, "In write_lockfile(), write successful (wrote %lu bytes)\n", (unsigned long)wroteamt);
#endif

    if (fclose(filestream) == EOF) {
	statusline(ALERT, _("Error writing lock file %s: %s"),
		lockfilename, strerror(errno));
	goto free_and_fail;
    }

    openfile->lock_filename = (char *) lockfilename;

    free(lockdata);
    return 1;

  free_and_fail:
    free(lockdata);
    return -1;
}

/* Less exciting, delete the lockfile.  Return -1 if unsuccessful and
 * complain on the statusbar, 1 otherwise. */
int delete_lockfile(const char *lockfilename)
{
    if (unlink(lockfilename) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
	statusline(ALERT, _("Error deleting lock file %s: %s"), lockfilename,
		  strerror(errno));
	return -1;
    }
    return 1;
}

/* Deal with lockfiles.  Return -1 on refusing to override the lockfile,
 * and 1 on successfully creating it; 0 means we were not successful in
 * creating the lockfile but we should continue to load the file and
 * complain to the user. */
int do_lockfile(const char *filename)
{
    char *namecopy = (char *) mallocstrcpy(NULL, filename);
    char *secondcopy = (char *) mallocstrcpy(NULL, filename);
    size_t locknamesize = strlen(filename) + strlen(locking_prefix)
		+ strlen(locking_suffix) + 3;
    char *lockfilename = charalloc(locknamesize);
    static char lockprog[11], lockuser[17];
    struct stat fileinfo;
    int lockfd, lockpid, retval = -1;

    snprintf(lockfilename, locknamesize, "%s/%s%s%s", dirname(namecopy),
		locking_prefix, basename(secondcopy), locking_suffix);
    free(secondcopy);
#ifdef DEBUG
    fprintf(stderr, "lock file name is %s\n", lockfilename);
#endif
    if (stat(lockfilename, &fileinfo) != -1) {
	ssize_t readtot = 0;
	ssize_t readamt = 0;
	char *lockbuf, *question, *postedname, *promptstr;
	int room, ans;

	if ((lockfd = open(lockfilename, O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
	    statusline(ALERT, _("Error opening lock file %s: %s"),
			lockfilename, strerror(errno));
	    goto free_the_name;
	}

	lockbuf = charalloc(LOCKBUFSIZE);
	do {
	    readamt = read(lockfd, &lockbuf[readtot], LOCKBUFSIZE - readtot);
	    readtot += readamt;
	} while (readamt > 0 && readtot < LOCKBUFSIZE);

	if (readtot < 48) {
	    statusline(ALERT, _("Error reading lock file %s: "
			"Not enough data read"), lockfilename);
	    free(lockbuf);
	    goto free_the_name;
	}

	strncpy(lockprog, &lockbuf[2], 10);
	lockpid = (unsigned char)lockbuf[25] * 256 + (unsigned char)lockbuf[24];
	strncpy(lockuser, &lockbuf[28], 16);
	free(lockbuf);

#ifdef DEBUG
	fprintf(stderr, "lockpid = %d\n", lockpid);
	fprintf(stderr, "program name which created this lock file should be %s\n", lockprog);
	fprintf(stderr, "user which created this lock file should be %s\n", lockuser);
#endif
	/* TRANSLATORS: The second %s is the name of the user, the third that of the editor. */
	question = _("File %s is being edited (by %s with %s, PID %d); continue?");
	room = COLS - strlenpt(question) - strlenpt(lockuser) - strlenpt(lockprog) + 3;
	if (room < 4)
	    postedname = mallocstrcpy(NULL, "_");
	else if (room < strlenpt(filename)) {
	    char *fragment = display_string(filename,
				strlenpt(filename) - room + 3, room, FALSE);
	    postedname = charalloc(strlen(fragment) + 4);
	    strcpy(postedname, "...");
	    strcat(postedname, fragment);
	    free(fragment);
	} else
	    postedname = mallocstrcpy(NULL, filename);

	/* Allow extra space for username (14), program name (8), PID (3),
	 * and terminating \0 (1), minus the %s (2) for the file name. */
	promptstr = charalloc(strlen(question) + 24 + strlen(postedname));
	sprintf(promptstr, question, postedname, lockuser, lockprog, lockpid);
	free(postedname);

	ans = do_yesno_prompt(FALSE, promptstr);
	free(promptstr);

	if (ans < 1) {
	    blank_statusbar();
	    goto free_the_name;
	}
    }

    retval = write_lockfile(lockfilename, filename, FALSE);

  free_the_name:
    free(namecopy);
    if (retval < 1)
	free(lockfilename);

    return retval;
}

/* Perform a stat call on the given filename, allocating a stat struct
 * if necessary.  On success, *pstat points to the stat's result.  On
 * failure, *pstat is freed and made NULL. */
void stat_with_alloc(const char *filename, struct stat **pstat)
{
    if (*pstat == NULL)
	*pstat = (struct stat *)nmalloc(sizeof(struct stat));

    if (stat(filename, *pstat) != 0) {
	free(*pstat);
	*pstat = NULL;
    }
}
#endif /* !NANO_TINY */

/* If it's not "", filename is a file to open.  We make a new buffer, if
 * necessary, and then open and read the file, if applicable. */
bool open_buffer(const char *filename, bool undoable)
{
    bool new_buffer = (openfile == NULL
#ifndef DISABLE_MULTIBUFFER
	 || ISSET(MULTIBUFFER)
#endif
	);
	/* Whether we load into this buffer or a new one. */
    char *realname;
	/* The filename after tilde expansion. */
    FILE *f;
    int rc;
	/* rc == -2 means that we have a new file.  -1 means that the
	 * open() failed.  0 means that the open() succeeded. */

    assert(filename != NULL);

#ifndef DISABLE_OPERATINGDIR
    if (check_operating_dir(filename, FALSE)) {
	statusline(ALERT, _("Can't insert file from outside of %s"),
			operating_dir);
	return FALSE;
    }
#endif

    realname = real_dir_from_tilde(filename);

    /* When the specified filename is not empty, and the thing exists,
     * verify that it is a normal file. */
    if (strcmp(filename, "") != 0) {
	struct stat fileinfo;

	if (stat(realname, &fileinfo) == 0 && !S_ISREG(fileinfo.st_mode)) {
	    if (S_ISDIR(fileinfo.st_mode))
		statusline(ALERT, _("\"%s\" is a directory"), realname);
	    else
		statusline(ALERT, _("\"%s\" is not a normal file"), realname);
	    free(realname);
	    return FALSE;
	}
    }

    /* If we're going to load into a new buffer, first create the new
     * buffer and (if possible) lock the corresponding file. */
    if (new_buffer) {
	make_new_buffer();

	if (has_valid_path(realname)) {
#ifndef NANO_TINY
	    if (ISSET(LOCKING) && filename[0] != '\0') {
		/* When not overriding an existing lock, discard the buffer. */
		if (do_lockfile(realname) < 0) {
#ifndef DISABLE_MULTIBUFFER
		    close_buffer();
#endif
		    free(realname);
		    return FALSE;
		}
	    }
#endif /* !NANO_TINY */
	}
    }

    /* If the filename isn't blank, and we are not in NOREAD_MODE,
     * open the file.  Otherwise, treat it as a new file. */
    rc = (filename[0] != '\0' && !ISSET(NOREAD_MODE)) ?
		open_file(realname, new_buffer, FALSE, &f) : -2;

    /* If we have a file, and we're loading into a new buffer, update
     * the filename. */
    if (rc != -1 && new_buffer)
	openfile->filename = mallocstrcpy(openfile->filename, realname);

    /* If we have a non-new file, read it in.  Then, if the buffer has
     * no stat, update the stat, if applicable. */
    if (rc > 0) {
	read_file(f, rc, realname, undoable, new_buffer);
#ifndef NANO_TINY
	if (openfile->current_stat == NULL)
	    stat_with_alloc(realname, &openfile->current_stat);
#endif
    }

    /* If we have a file, and we're loading into a new buffer, move back
     * to the beginning of the first line of the buffer. */
    if (rc != -1 && new_buffer) {
	openfile->current = openfile->fileage;
	openfile->current_x = 0;
	openfile->placewewant = 0;
    }

#ifndef DISABLE_COLOR
    /* If we're loading into a new buffer, update the colors to account
     * for it, if applicable. */
    if (new_buffer)
	color_update();
#endif
    free(realname);
    return TRUE;
}

#ifndef DISABLE_SPELLER
/* Open the specified file, and if that succeeds, blow away the text of
 * the current buffer and read the file contents into its place. */
void replace_buffer(const char *filename)
{
    FILE *f;
    int descriptor;

    assert(filename != NULL && filename[0] != '\0');

    /* Open the file quietly. */
    descriptor = open_file(filename, FALSE, TRUE, &f);

    /* If opening failed, forget it. */
    if (descriptor < 0)
	return;

    /* Reinitialize the text of the current buffer. */
    free_filestruct(openfile->fileage);
    initialize_buffer_text();

    /* Insert the processed file into its place. */
    read_file(f, descriptor, filename, FALSE, TRUE);

    /* Put current at a place that is certain to exist. */
    openfile->current = openfile->fileage;
}
#endif /* !DISABLE_SPELLER */

/* Update the screen to account for the current buffer. */
void display_buffer(void)
{
    /* Update the titlebar, since the filename may have changed. */
    titlebar(NULL);

#ifndef DISABLE_COLOR
    /* Make sure we're using the buffer's associated colors. */
    color_init();

    /* If there are multiline coloring regexes, and there is no
     * multiline cache data yet, precalculate it now. */
    if (openfile->syntax && openfile->syntax->nmultis > 0 &&
		openfile->fileage->multidata == NULL)
	precalc_multicolorinfo();
#endif

    /* Update the edit window. */
    edit_refresh();
}

#ifndef DISABLE_MULTIBUFFER
/* Switch to a neighbouring file buffer; to the next if to_next is TRUE;
 * otherwise, to the previous one. */
void switch_to_prevnext_buffer(bool to_next)
{
    assert(openfile != NULL);

    /* If only one file buffer is open, say so and get out. */
    if (openfile == openfile->next) {
	statusbar(_("No more open file buffers"));
	return;
    }

    /* Switch to the next or previous file buffer. */
    openfile = to_next ? openfile->next : openfile->prev;

#ifdef DEBUG
    fprintf(stderr, "filename is %s\n", openfile->filename);
#endif

    /* Update the screen to account for the current buffer. */
    display_buffer();

    /* Indicate the switch on the statusbar. */
    statusline(HUSH, _("Switched to %s"),
		((openfile->filename[0] == '\0') ?
		_("New Buffer") : openfile->filename));

#ifdef DEBUG
    dump_filestruct(openfile->current);
#endif
    display_main_list();
}

/* Switch to the previous entry in the openfile filebuffer. */
void switch_to_prev_buffer_void(void)
{
    switch_to_prevnext_buffer(FALSE);
}

/* Switch to the next entry in the openfile filebuffer. */
void switch_to_next_buffer_void(void)
{
    switch_to_prevnext_buffer(TRUE);
}

/* Delete an entry from the circular list of open files, and switch to the
 * one after it.  Return TRUE on success, and FALSE if there are no other
 * open buffers. */
bool close_buffer(void)
{
    assert(openfile != NULL);

    /* If only one file buffer is open, get out. */
    if (openfile == openfile->next)
	return FALSE;

#ifndef DISABLE_HISTORIES
    if (ISSET(POS_HISTORY))
	update_poshistory(openfile->filename,
			openfile->current->lineno, xplustabs() + 1);
#endif

    /* Switch to the next file buffer. */
    switch_to_prevnext_buffer(TRUE);

    /* Close the file buffer we had open before. */
    unlink_opennode(openfile->prev);

    /* If only one buffer is open now, show Exit in the help lines. */
    if (openfile == openfile->next)
	exitfunc->desc = exit_tag;

    return TRUE;
}
#endif /* !DISABLE_MULTIBUFFER */

/* A bit of a copy and paste from open_file(), is_file_writable() just
 * checks whether the file is appendable as a quick permissions check,
 * and we tend to err on the side of permissiveness (reporting TRUE when
 * it might be wrong) to not fluster users editing on odd filesystems by
 * printing incorrect warnings. */
int is_file_writable(const char *filename)
{
    struct stat fileinfo, fileinfo2;
    int fd;
    FILE *f;
    char *full_filename;
    bool ans = TRUE;

    if (ISSET(VIEW_MODE))
	return TRUE;

    assert(filename != NULL);

    /* Get the specified file's full path. */
    full_filename = get_full_path(filename);

    /* Okay, if we can't stat the absolute path due to some component's
     * permissions, just try the relative one. */
    if (full_filename == NULL ||
		(stat(full_filename, &fileinfo) == -1 && stat(filename, &fileinfo2) != -1))
	full_filename = mallocstrcpy(NULL, filename);

    if ((fd = open(full_filename, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_APPEND, S_IRUSR |
		S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP | S_IROTH | S_IWOTH)) == -1 ||
		(f = fdopen(fd, "a")) == NULL)
	ans = FALSE;
    else
	fclose(f);
    close(fd);

    free(full_filename);
    return ans;
}

/* Make a new line of text from the given buf, which is of length buf_len.
 * Then attach this line after prevnode. */
filestruct *read_line(char *buf, size_t buf_len, filestruct *prevnode)
{
    filestruct *freshline = (filestruct *)nmalloc(sizeof(filestruct));

    /* Convert nulls to newlines.  buf_len is the string's real length. */
    unsunder(buf, buf_len);
    buf[buf_len] = '\0';

    assert(openfile->fileage != NULL && strlen(buf) == buf_len);

#ifndef NANO_TINY
    /* If file conversion isn't disabled, strip a '\r' from the line. */
    if (buf_len > 0 && buf[buf_len - 1] == '\r' && !ISSET(NO_CONVERT))
	buf[buf_len - 1] = '\0';
#endif

    freshline->data = mallocstrcpy(NULL, buf);

#ifndef DISABLE_COLOR
    freshline->multidata = NULL;
#endif

    freshline->prev = prevnode;

    if (prevnode == NULL) {
	/* Special case: we're inserting into the first line. */
	freshline->next = openfile->fileage;
	openfile->fileage = freshline;
	freshline->lineno = 1;
    } else {
	prevnode->next = freshline;
	freshline->next = NULL;
	freshline->lineno = prevnode->lineno + 1;
    }

    return freshline;
}

/* Read an open file into the current buffer.  f should be set to the
 * open file, and filename should be set to the name of the file.
 * undoable means do we want to create undo records to try and undo
 * this.  Will also attempt to check file writability if fd > 0 and
 * checkwritable == TRUE. */
void read_file(FILE *f, int fd, const char *filename, bool undoable, bool checkwritable)
{
    size_t num_lines = 0;
	/* The number of lines in the file. */
    size_t len = 0;
	/* The length of the current line of the file. */
    size_t bufx = MAX_BUF_SIZE;
	/* The size of each chunk of the file that we read. */
    char input = '\0';
	/* The current input character. */
    char *buf;
	/* The buffer where we store chunks of the file. */
    filestruct *fileptr = openfile->current->prev;
	/* The line after which to start inserting. */
    int input_int;
	/* The current value we read from the file, whether an input
	 * character or EOF. */
    bool writable = TRUE;
	/* Is the file writable (if we care) */
#ifndef NANO_TINY
    int format = 0;
	/* 0 = *nix, 1 = DOS, 2 = Mac, 3 = both DOS and Mac. */
#endif

    assert(openfile->fileage != NULL && openfile->current != NULL);

    buf = charalloc(bufx);
    buf[0] = '\0';

#ifndef NANO_TINY
    if (undoable)
	add_undo(INSERT);
#endif

    /* Read the entire file into the filestruct. */
    while ((input_int = getc(f)) != EOF) {
	input = (char)input_int;

	/* If it's a *nix file ("\n") or a DOS file ("\r\n"), and file
	 * conversion isn't disabled, handle it! */
	if (input == '\n') {
#ifndef NANO_TINY
	    /* If it's a DOS file or a DOS/Mac file ('\r' before '\n' on
	     * the first line if we think it's a *nix file, or on any
	     * line otherwise), and file conversion isn't disabled,
	     * handle it! */
	    if ((num_lines == 0 || format != 0) && !ISSET(NO_CONVERT) &&
			len > 0 && buf[len - 1] == '\r') {
		if (format == 0 || format == 2)
		    format++;
	    }
#endif
	    /* Read in the line properly. */
	    fileptr = read_line(buf, len, fileptr);
	    num_lines++;

	    /* Reset the length in preparation for the next line. */
	    len = 0;
#ifndef NANO_TINY
	/* If it's a Mac file ('\r' without '\n' on the first line if we
	 * think it's a *nix file, or on any line otherwise), and file
	 * conversion isn't disabled, handle it! */
	} else if ((num_lines == 0 || format != 0) && !ISSET(NO_CONVERT) &&
			len > 0 && buf[len - 1] == '\r') {
	    /* If we currently think the file is a *nix file, set format
	     * to Mac.  If we currently think the file is a DOS file,
	     * set format to both DOS and Mac. */
	    if (format == 0 || format == 1)
		format += 2;

	    /* Read in the line properly. */
	    fileptr = read_line(buf, len, fileptr);
	    num_lines++;

	    /* Store the character after the \r as the first character
	     * of the next line. */
	    buf[0] = input;
	    len = 1;
#endif
	} else {
	    /* Store the character. */
	    buf[len] = input;

	    /* Keep track of the total length of the line.  It might have
	     * nulls in it, so we can't just use strlen() later. */
	    len++;

	    /* If needed, increase the buffer size, MAX_BUF_SIZE characters at
	     * a time.  Don't bother decreasing it; it is freed at the end. */
	    if (len == bufx) {
		bufx += MAX_BUF_SIZE;
		buf = charealloc(buf, bufx);
	    }
	}
    }

    /* Perhaps this could use some better handling. */
    if (ferror(f))
	nperror(filename);
    fclose(f);
    if (fd > 0 && checkwritable) {
	close(fd);
	writable = is_file_writable(filename);
    }

    /* Did we not get a newline and still have stuff to do? */
    if (len > 0) {
#ifndef NANO_TINY
	/* If file conversion isn't disabled and the last character in
	 * this file is '\r', set format to Mac if we currently think
	 * the file is a *nix file, or to both DOS and Mac if we
	 * currently think the file is a DOS file. */
	if (buf[len - 1] == '\r' && !ISSET(NO_CONVERT) && format < 2)
	    format += 2;
#endif
	/* Read in the last line properly. */
	fileptr = read_line(buf, len, fileptr);
	num_lines++;
    }

    free(buf);

    /* Attach the file we got to the filestruct.  If we got a file of
     * zero bytes, don't do anything. */
    if (num_lines > 0) {
	/* If the file we got doesn't end in a newline (nor in a Mac return),
	 * tack its last line onto the beginning of the line at current. */
	if (len > 0 && (input != '\r' || ISSET(NO_CONVERT))) {
	    filestruct *dropline = fileptr;
	    size_t current_len = strlen(openfile->current->data);

	    /* Adjust the current x-coordinate to compensate for the
	     * change in the current line. */
	    if (num_lines == 1)
		openfile->current_x += len;
	    else
		openfile->current_x = len;

	    /* Tack the text at fileptr onto the beginning of the text
	     * at current. */
	    openfile->current->data = charealloc(openfile->current->data,
						len + current_len + 1);
	    charmove(openfile->current->data + len, openfile->current->data,
			current_len + 1);
	    strncpy(openfile->current->data, fileptr->data, len);

	    /* Step back one line, and blow away the unterminated line,
	     * since its text has been copied into current. */
	    fileptr = fileptr->prev;
	    delete_node(dropline);
	}

	if (fileptr == NULL)
	    /* After inserting a single unterminated line at the top,
	     * readjust the top-of-file pointer. */
	    openfile->fileage = openfile->current;
	else {
	    /* Attach the line at current after the line at fileptr. */
	    fileptr->next = openfile->current;
	    openfile->current->prev = fileptr;
	}

	/* Renumber, starting with the last line of the file we inserted. */
	renumber(openfile->current);
    }

    openfile->totsize += get_totsize(openfile->fileage, openfile->filebot);

    /* If the NO_NEWLINES flag isn't set, and text has been added to
     * the magicline (i.e. a file that doesn't end in a newline has been
     * inserted at the end of the current buffer), add a new magicline,
     * and move the current line down to it. */
    if (!ISSET(NO_NEWLINES) && openfile->filebot->data[0] != '\0') {
	new_magicline();
	openfile->current = openfile->filebot;
	openfile->current_x = 0;
    }

    /* Set the current place we want to the end of the last line of the
     * file we inserted. */
    openfile->placewewant = xplustabs();

#ifndef NANO_TINY
    if (undoable)
	update_undo(INSERT);

    if (format == 3) {
	if (writable)
	    statusline(HUSH,
		P_("Read %lu line (Converted from DOS and Mac format)",
		"Read %lu lines (Converted from DOS and Mac format)",
		(unsigned long)num_lines), (unsigned long)num_lines);
	else
	    /* TRANSLATORS: Keep the next handful of messages at most 76 characters long. */
	    statusline(ALERT,
		P_("Read %lu line (Converted from DOS and Mac format - NO write permission)",
		"Read %lu lines (Converted from DOS and Mac format - NO write permission)",
		(unsigned long)num_lines), (unsigned long)num_lines);
    } else if (format == 2) {
	openfile->fmt = MAC_FILE;
	if (writable)
	    statusline(HUSH,
		P_("Read %lu line (Converted from Mac format)",
		"Read %lu lines (Converted from Mac format)",
		(unsigned long)num_lines), (unsigned long)num_lines);
	else
	    statusline(ALERT,
		P_("Read %lu line (Converted from Mac format - Warning: No write permission)",
		"Read %lu lines (Converted from Mac format - Warning: No write permission)",
		(unsigned long)num_lines), (unsigned long)num_lines);
    } else if (format == 1) {
	openfile->fmt = DOS_FILE;
	if (writable)
	    statusline(HUSH,
		P_("Read %lu line (Converted from DOS format)",
		"Read %lu lines (Converted from DOS format)",
		(unsigned long)num_lines), (unsigned long)num_lines);
	else
	    statusline(ALERT,
		P_("Read %lu line (Converted from DOS format - Warning: No write permission)",
		"Read %lu lines (Converted from DOS format - Warning: No write permission)",
		(unsigned long)num_lines), (unsigned long)num_lines);
    } else
#endif
	if (writable)
	    statusline(HUSH, P_("Read %lu line", "Read %lu lines",
		(unsigned long)num_lines), (unsigned long)num_lines);
	else
	    statusline(ALERT,
		P_("Read %lu line (Warning: No write permission)",
		"Read %lu lines (Warning: No write permission)",
		(unsigned long)num_lines), (unsigned long)num_lines);

    if (num_lines < editwinrows)
	focusing = FALSE;

#ifndef NANO_TINY
    if (ISSET(MAKE_IT_UNIX))
	openfile->fmt = NIX_FILE;
#endif
}

/* Open the file (and decide if it exists).  If newfie is TRUE, display
 * "New File" if the file is missing.  Otherwise, say "[filename] not
 * found".
 *
 * Return -2 if we say "New File", -1 if the file isn't opened, and the
 * fd opened otherwise.  The file might still have an error while reading
 * with a 0 return value.  *f is set to the opened file. */
int open_file(const char *filename, bool newfie, bool quiet, FILE **f)
{
    struct stat fileinfo, fileinfo2;
    int fd;
    char *full_filename;

    assert(filename != NULL && f != NULL);

    /* Get the specified file's full path. */
    full_filename = get_full_path(filename);

    /* Okay, if we can't stat the path due to a component's
     * permissions, just try the relative one. */
    if (full_filename == NULL || (stat(full_filename, &fileinfo) == -1 &&
		stat(filename, &fileinfo2) != -1))
	full_filename = mallocstrcpy(full_filename, filename);

    if (stat(full_filename, &fileinfo) == -1) {
	/* All cases below return. */
	free(full_filename);

	/* Well, maybe we can open the file even if the OS says it's
	 * not there. */
	if ((fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY)) != -1) {
	    if (!quiet)
		statusbar(_("Reading File"));
	    return fd;
	}

	if (newfie) {
	    if (!quiet)
		statusbar(_("New File"));
	    return -2;
	}
	statusline(ALERT, _("File \"%s\" not found"), filename);
	return -1;
    } else if (S_ISDIR(fileinfo.st_mode) || S_ISCHR(fileinfo.st_mode) ||
		S_ISBLK(fileinfo.st_mode)) {
	free(full_filename);

	/* Don't open directories, character files, or block files.
	 * Sorry, /dev/sndstat! */
	statusline(ALERT, S_ISDIR(fileinfo.st_mode) ?
		_("\"%s\" is a directory") :
		_("\"%s\" is a device file"), filename);
	return -1;
    } else if ((fd = open(full_filename, O_RDONLY)) == -1) {
	free(full_filename);
	statusline(ALERT, _("Error reading %s: %s"), filename, strerror(errno));
	return -1;
    } else {
	/* The file is A-OK.  Open it. */
	*f = fdopen(fd, "rb");

	if (*f == NULL) {
	    statusline(ALERT, _("Error reading %s: %s"), filename, strerror(errno));
	    close(fd);
	} else
	    statusbar(_("Reading File"));
    }

    free(full_filename);

    return fd;
}

/* This function will return the name of the first available extension
 * of a filename (starting with [name][suffix], then [name][suffix].1,
 * etc.).  Memory is allocated for the return value.  If no writable
 * extension exists, we return "". */
char *get_next_filename(const char *name, const char *suffix)
{
    unsigned long i = 0;
    char *buf;
    size_t wholenamelen;

    assert(name != NULL && suffix != NULL);

    wholenamelen = strlen(name) + strlen(suffix);

    /* Reserve space for: the name plus the suffix plus a dot plus
     * possibly five digits plus a null byte. */
    buf = charalloc(wholenamelen + 7);
    sprintf(buf, "%s%s", name, suffix);

    while (TRUE) {
	struct stat fs;

	if (stat(buf, &fs) == -1)
	    return buf;

	/* Limit the number of backup files to a hundred thousand. */
	if (++i == 100000)
	    break;

	sprintf(buf + wholenamelen, ".%lu", i);
    }

    /* We get here only if there is no possible save file.  Blank out
     * the filename to indicate this. */
    null_at(&buf, 0);

    return buf;
}

/* Insert a file into a new buffer if the MULTIBUFFER flag is set, or
 * into the current buffer if it isn't.  If execute is TRUE, insert the
 * output of an executed command instead of a file. */
void do_insertfile(
#ifndef NANO_TINY
	bool execute
#else
	void
#endif
	)
{
    int i;
    const char *msg;
    char *ans = mallocstrcpy(NULL, "");
	/* The last answer the user typed at the statusbar prompt. */
    filestruct *edittop_save = openfile->edittop;
    ssize_t was_current_lineno = openfile->current->lineno;
    size_t was_current_x = openfile->current_x;
    ssize_t was_current_y = openfile->current_y;
    bool edittop_inside = FALSE;
#ifndef NANO_TINY
    bool right_side_up = FALSE, single_line = FALSE;
#endif

    while (TRUE) {
#ifndef NANO_TINY
	if (execute) {
	    msg =
#ifndef DISABLE_MULTIBUFFER
		ISSET(MULTIBUFFER) ?
		_("Command to execute in new buffer [from %s] ") :
#endif
		_("Command to execute [from %s] ");
	} else
#endif /* NANO_TINY */
	{
	    msg =
#ifndef DISABLE_MULTIBUFFER
		ISSET(MULTIBUFFER) ?
		_("File to insert into new buffer [from %s] ") :
#endif
		_("File to insert [from %s] ");
	}

	present_path = mallocstrcpy(present_path, "./");

	i = do_prompt(TRUE,
#ifndef DISABLE_TABCOMP
		TRUE,
#endif
#ifndef NANO_TINY
		execute ? MEXTCMD :
#endif
		MINSERTFILE, ans,
#ifndef DISABLE_HISTORIES
		NULL,
#endif
		edit_refresh, msg,
#ifndef DISABLE_OPERATINGDIR
		operating_dir != NULL && strcmp(operating_dir,
		".") != 0 ? operating_dir :
#endif
		"./");

	/* If we're in multibuffer mode and the filename or command is
	 * blank, open a new buffer instead of canceling.  If the
	 * filename or command begins with a newline (i.e. an encoded
	 * null), treat it as though it's blank. */
	if (i == -1 || ((i == -2 || *answer == '\n')
#ifndef DISABLE_MULTIBUFFER
		&& !ISSET(MULTIBUFFER)
#endif
		)) {
	    statusbar(_("Cancelled"));
	    break;
	} else {
	    size_t pww_save = openfile->placewewant;
#if !defined(NANO_TINY) || !defined(DISABLE_BROWSER)
	    functionptrtype func = func_from_key(&i);
#endif
	    ans = mallocstrcpy(ans, answer);

#ifndef NANO_TINY
#ifndef DISABLE_MULTIBUFFER
	    if (func == new_buffer_void) {
		/* Don't allow toggling if we're in view mode. */
		if (!ISSET(VIEW_MODE))
		    TOGGLE(MULTIBUFFER);
		else
		    beep();
		continue;
	    }
#endif
	    if (func == flip_execute_void) {
		execute = !execute;
		continue;
	    }
#endif /* !NANO_TINY */

#ifndef DISABLE_BROWSER
	    if (func == to_files_void) {
		char *tmp = do_browse_from(answer);

		if (tmp == NULL)
		    continue;

		/* We have a file now.  Indicate this. */
		free(answer);
		answer = tmp;

		i = 0;
	    }
#endif

	    /* If we don't have a file yet, go back to the statusbar prompt. */
	    if (i != 0
#ifndef DISABLE_MULTIBUFFER
		&& (i != -2 || !ISSET(MULTIBUFFER))
#endif
		)
		continue;

#ifndef NANO_TINY
	    /* Keep track of whether the mark begins inside the
	     * partition and will need adjustment. */
	    if (openfile->mark_set) {
		filestruct *top, *bot;
		size_t top_x, bot_x;

		mark_order((const filestruct **)&top, &top_x,
			(const filestruct **)&bot, &bot_x,
			&right_side_up);

		single_line = (top == bot);
	    }
#endif

#ifndef DISABLE_MULTIBUFFER
	    if (!ISSET(MULTIBUFFER))
#endif
	    {
		/* If we're not inserting into a new buffer, partition
		 * the filestruct so that it contains no text and hence
		 * looks like a new buffer, and keep track of whether
		 * the top of the edit window is inside the partition. */
		filepart = partition_filestruct(openfile->current,
			openfile->current_x, openfile->current,
			openfile->current_x);
		edittop_inside = (openfile->edittop == openfile->fileage);
	    }

	    /* Convert newlines to nulls in the given filename. */
	    sunder(answer);
	    align(&answer);

#ifndef NANO_TINY
	    if (execute) {
#ifndef DISABLE_MULTIBUFFER
		if (ISSET(MULTIBUFFER))
		    /* Open a blank buffer. */
		    open_buffer("", FALSE);
#endif

		/* Save the command's output in the current buffer. */
		execute_command(answer);

#ifndef DISABLE_MULTIBUFFER
		if (ISSET(MULTIBUFFER)) {
		    /* Move back to the beginning of the first line of
		     * the buffer. */
		    openfile->current = openfile->fileage;
		    openfile->current_x = 0;
		    openfile->placewewant = 0;
		}
#endif
	    } else
#endif /* !NANO_TINY */
	    {
		/* Make sure the path to the file specified in answer is
		 * tilde-expanded. */
		answer = mallocstrassn(answer, real_dir_from_tilde(answer));

		/* Save the file specified in answer in the current buffer. */
		open_buffer(answer, TRUE);
	    }

#ifndef DISABLE_MULTIBUFFER
	    if (ISSET(MULTIBUFFER)) {
#ifndef DISABLE_HISTORIES
		if (ISSET(POS_HISTORY)) {
		    ssize_t priorline, priorcol;
#ifndef NANO_TINY
		    if (!execute)
#endif
		    if (check_poshistory(answer, &priorline, &priorcol))
			do_gotolinecolumn(priorline, priorcol, FALSE, FALSE);
		}
#endif /* !DISABLE_HISTORIES */
		/* Update the screen to account for the current buffer. */
		display_buffer();
	    } else
#endif /* !DISABLE_MULTIBUFFER */
	    {
		filestruct *top_save = openfile->fileage;

		/* If we were at the top of the edit window before, set
		 * the saved value of edittop to the new top of the edit
		 * window. */
		if (edittop_inside)
		    edittop_save = openfile->fileage;

		/* Update the current x-coordinate to account for the
		 * number of characters inserted on the current line.
		 * If the mark was positioned after the cursor and on the
		 * same line, adjust the mark's coordinates to compensate
		 * for the change in this line. */
		openfile->current_x = strlen(openfile->filebot->data);
		if (openfile->fileage == openfile->filebot) {
#ifndef NANO_TINY
		    if (openfile->mark_set) {
			openfile->mark_begin = openfile->current;
			if (!right_side_up)
			    openfile->mark_begin_x += openfile->current_x;
		    }
#endif
		    openfile->current_x += was_current_x;
		}
#ifndef NANO_TINY
		else if (openfile->mark_set) {
		    if (!right_side_up) {
			if (single_line) {
			    openfile->mark_begin = openfile->current;
			    openfile->mark_begin_x -= was_current_x;
			} else
			    openfile->mark_begin_x -= openfile->current_x;
		    }
		}
#endif

		/* Update the current y-coordinate to account for the
		 * number of lines inserted. */
		openfile->current_y += was_current_y;

		/* Unpartition the filestruct so that it contains all
		 * the text again.  Note that we've replaced the
		 * non-text originally in the partition with the text in
		 * the inserted file/executed command output. */
		unpartition_filestruct(&filepart);

		/* Renumber starting with the beginning line of the old
		 * partition. */
		renumber(top_save);

		/* Restore the old edittop. */
		openfile->edittop = edittop_save;

		/* Restore the old place we want. */
		openfile->placewewant = pww_save;

		/* Mark the file as modified if it changed. */
		if (openfile->current->lineno != was_current_lineno ||
			openfile->current_x != was_current_x)
		    set_modified();

		/* Update the screen. */
		edit_refresh();
	    }

	    break;
	}
    }
    free(ans);
}

/* Insert a file into a new buffer or the current buffer, depending on
 * whether the MULTIBUFFER flag is set.  If we're in view mode, only
 * allow inserting a file into a new buffer. */
void do_insertfile_void(void)
{
    if (ISSET(RESTRICTED)) {
	show_restricted_warning();
	return;
    }

#ifndef DISABLE_MULTIBUFFER
    if (ISSET(VIEW_MODE) && !ISSET(MULTIBUFFER))
	statusbar(_("Key invalid in non-multibuffer mode"));
    else
#endif
	do_insertfile(
#ifndef NANO_TINY
		FALSE
#endif
		);

    display_main_list();
}

/* When passed "[relative path]" or "[relative path][filename]" in
 * origpath, return "[full path]" or "[full path][filename]" on success,
 * or NULL on error.  Do this if the file doesn't exist but the relative
 * path does, since the file could exist in memory but not yet on disk).
 * Don't do this if the relative path doesn't exist, since we won't be
 * able to go there. */
char *get_full_path(const char *origpath)
{
    int attempts = 0;
	/* How often we've tried climbing back up the tree. */
    struct stat fileinfo;
    char *currentdir, *d_here, *d_there, *d_there_file = NULL;
    const char *last_slash;
    bool path_only;

    if (origpath == NULL)
	return NULL;

    /* Get the current directory.  If it doesn't exist, back up and try
     * again until we get a directory that does, and use that as the
     * current directory. */
    currentdir = charalloc(PATH_MAX + 1);
    d_here = getcwd(currentdir, PATH_MAX + 1);

    while (d_here == NULL && attempts < 20) {
	IGNORE_CALL_RESULT(chdir(".."));
	d_here = getcwd(NULL, PATH_MAX + 1);
	attempts++;
    }

    /* If we succeeded, canonicalize it in d_here. */
    if (d_here != NULL) {
	align(&d_here);

	/* If the current directory isn't "/", tack a slash onto the end
	 * of it. */
	if (strcmp(d_here, "/") != 0) {
	    d_here = charealloc(d_here, strlen(d_here) + 2);
	    strcat(d_here, "/");
	}
    /* Otherwise, set d_here to "". */
    } else {
	d_here = mallocstrcpy(NULL, "");
	free(currentdir);
    }

    d_there = real_dir_from_tilde(origpath);

    /* If stat()ing d_there fails, assume that d_there refers to a new
     * file that hasn't been saved to disk yet.  Set path_only to TRUE
     * if d_there refers to a directory, and FALSE otherwise. */
    path_only = (stat(d_there, &fileinfo) != -1 && S_ISDIR(fileinfo.st_mode));

    /* If path_only is TRUE, make sure d_there ends in a slash. */
    if (path_only) {
	size_t d_there_len = strlen(d_there);

	if (d_there[d_there_len - 1] != '/') {
	    d_there = charealloc(d_there, d_there_len + 2);
	    strcat(d_there, "/");
	}
    }

    /* Search for the last slash in d_there. */
    last_slash = strrchr(d_there, '/');

    /* If we didn't find one, then make sure the answer is in the format
     * "d_here/d_there". */
    if (last_slash == NULL) {
	assert(!path_only);

	d_there_file = d_there;
	d_there = d_here;
    } else {
	/* If path_only is FALSE, then save the filename portion of the
	 * answer (everything after the last slash) in d_there_file. */
	if (!path_only)
	    d_there_file = mallocstrcpy(NULL, last_slash + 1);

	/* Remove the filename portion of the answer from d_there. */
	null_at(&d_there, last_slash - d_there + 1);

	/* Go to the path specified in d_there. */
	if (chdir(d_there) == -1) {
	    free(d_there);
	    d_there = NULL;
	} else {
	    free(d_there);

	    /* Get the full path. */
	    currentdir = charalloc(PATH_MAX + 1);
	    d_there = getcwd(currentdir, PATH_MAX + 1);

	    /* If we succeeded, canonicalize it in d_there. */
	    if (d_there != NULL) {
		align(&d_there);

		/* If the current directory isn't "/", tack a slash onto
		 * the end of it. */
		if (strcmp(d_there, "/") != 0) {
		    d_there = charealloc(d_there, strlen(d_there) + 2);
		    strcat(d_there, "/");
		}
	    /* Otherwise, make sure that we return NULL. */
	    } else {
		path_only = TRUE;
		free(currentdir);
	    }

	    /* Finally, go back to the path specified in d_here,
	     * where we were before.  We don't check for a chdir()
	     * error, since we can do nothing if we get one. */
	    IGNORE_CALL_RESULT(chdir(d_here));
	}

	/* Free d_here, since we're done using it. */
	free(d_here);
    }

    /* At this point, if path_only is FALSE and d_there isn't NULL,
     * d_there contains the path portion of the answer and d_there_file
     * contains the filename portion of the answer.  If this is the
     * case, tack the latter onto the end of the former.  d_there will
     * then contain the complete answer. */
    if (!path_only && d_there != NULL) {
	d_there = charealloc(d_there, strlen(d_there) +
		strlen(d_there_file) + 1);
	strcat(d_there, d_there_file);
    }

    /* Free d_there_file, since we're done using it. */
    free(d_there_file);

    return d_there;
}

/* Return the full version of path, as returned by get_full_path().  On
 * error, or if path doesn't reference a directory, or if the directory
 * isn't writable, return NULL. */
char *check_writable_directory(const char *path)
{
    char *full_path = get_full_path(path);

    if (full_path == NULL)
	return NULL;

    /* If we can't write to path or path isn't a directory, return NULL. */
    if (access(full_path, W_OK) != 0 ||
		full_path[strlen(full_path) - 1] != '/') {
	free(full_path);
	return NULL;
    }

    return full_path;
}

/* This function calls mkstemp(($TMPDIR|P_tmpdir|/tmp/)"nano.XXXXXX").
 * On success, it returns the malloc()ed filename and corresponding FILE
 * stream, opened in "r+b" mode.  On error, it returns NULL for the
 * filename and leaves the FILE stream unchanged. */
char *safe_tempfile(FILE **f)
{
    char *full_tempdir = NULL;
    const char *tmpdir_env;
    int fd;
    mode_t original_umask = 0;

    assert(f != NULL);

    /* If $TMPDIR is set, set tempdir to it, run it through
     * get_full_path(), and save the result in full_tempdir.  Otherwise,
     * leave full_tempdir set to NULL. */
    tmpdir_env = getenv("TMPDIR");
    if (tmpdir_env != NULL)
	full_tempdir = check_writable_directory(tmpdir_env);

    /* If $TMPDIR is unset, empty, or not a writable directory, and
     * full_tempdir is NULL, try P_tmpdir instead. */
    if (full_tempdir == NULL)
	full_tempdir = check_writable_directory(P_tmpdir);

    /* if P_tmpdir is NULL, use /tmp. */
    if (full_tempdir == NULL)
	full_tempdir = mallocstrcpy(NULL, "/tmp/");

    full_tempdir = charealloc(full_tempdir, strlen(full_tempdir) + 12);
    strcat(full_tempdir, "nano.XXXXXX");

    original_umask = umask(0);
    umask(S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO);

    fd = mkstemp(full_tempdir);

    if (fd != -1)
	*f = fdopen(fd, "r+b");
    else {
	free(full_tempdir);
	full_tempdir = NULL;
    }

    umask(original_umask);

    return full_tempdir;
}

#ifndef DISABLE_OPERATINGDIR
/* Initialize full_operating_dir based on operating_dir. */
void init_operating_dir(void)
{
    assert(full_operating_dir == NULL);

    if (operating_dir == NULL)
	return;

    full_operating_dir = get_full_path(operating_dir);

    /* If get_full_path() failed or the operating directory is
     * inaccessible, unset operating_dir. */
    if (full_operating_dir == NULL || chdir(full_operating_dir) == -1) {
	free(full_operating_dir);
	full_operating_dir = NULL;
	free(operating_dir);
	operating_dir = NULL;
    }
}

/* Check to see if we're inside the operating directory.  Return FALSE
 * if we are, or TRUE otherwise.  If allow_tabcomp is TRUE, allow
 * incomplete names that would be matches for the operating directory,
 * so that tab completion will work. */
bool check_operating_dir(const char *currpath, bool allow_tabcomp)
{
    /* full_operating_dir is global for memory cleanup.  It should have
     * already been initialized by init_operating_dir().  Also, a
     * relative operating directory path will only be handled properly
     * if this is done. */

    char *fullpath;
    bool retval = FALSE;
    const char *whereami1, *whereami2 = NULL;

    /* If no operating directory is set, don't bother doing anything. */
    if (operating_dir == NULL)
	return FALSE;

    assert(full_operating_dir != NULL);

    fullpath = get_full_path(currpath);

    /* If fullpath is NULL, it means some directory in the path doesn't
     * exist or is unreadable.  If allow_tabcomp is FALSE, then currpath
     * is what the user typed somewhere.  We don't want to report a
     * non-existent directory as being outside the operating directory,
     * so we return FALSE.  If allow_tabcomp is TRUE, then currpath
     * exists, but is not executable.  So we say it isn't in the
     * operating directory. */
    if (fullpath == NULL)
	return allow_tabcomp;

    whereami1 = strstr(fullpath, full_operating_dir);
    if (allow_tabcomp)
	whereami2 = strstr(full_operating_dir, fullpath);

    /* If both searches failed, we're outside the operating directory.
     * Otherwise, check the search results.  If the full operating
     * directory path is not at the beginning of the full current path
     * (for normal usage) and vice versa (for tab completion, if we're
     * allowing it), we're outside the operating directory. */
    if (whereami1 != fullpath && whereami2 != full_operating_dir)
	retval = TRUE;
    free(fullpath);

    /* Otherwise, we're still inside it. */
    return retval;
}
#endif

#ifndef NANO_TINY
/* Although this sucks, it sucks less than having a single 'my system is
 * messed up and I'm blanket allowing insecure file writing operations'. */
int prompt_failed_backupwrite(const char *filename)
{
    static int i;
    static char *prevfile = NULL; /* What was the last file we were
				   * passed so we don't keep asking
				   * this?  Though maybe we should... */
    if (prevfile == NULL || strcmp(filename, prevfile)) {
	i = do_yesno_prompt(FALSE,
		_("Failed to write backup file, continue saving? (Say N if unsure) "));
	prevfile = mallocstrcpy(prevfile, filename);
    }
    return i;
}

void init_backup_dir(void)
{
    char *full_backup_dir;

    if (backup_dir == NULL)
	return;

    full_backup_dir = get_full_path(backup_dir);

    /* If get_full_path() failed or the backup directory is
     * inaccessible, unset backup_dir. */
    if (full_backup_dir == NULL ||
		full_backup_dir[strlen(full_backup_dir) - 1] != '/') {
	free(full_backup_dir);
	free(backup_dir);
	backup_dir = NULL;
    } else {
	free(backup_dir);
	backup_dir = full_backup_dir;
    }
}
#endif /* !NANO_TINY */

/* Read from inn, write to out.  We assume inn is opened for reading,
 * and out for writing.  We return 0 on success, -1 on read error, or -2
 * on write error. */
int copy_file(FILE *inn, FILE *out)
{
    int retval = 0;
    char buf[BUFSIZ];
    size_t charsread;

    assert(inn != NULL && out != NULL && inn != out);

    do {
	charsread = fread(buf, sizeof(char), BUFSIZ, inn);
	if (charsread == 0 && ferror(inn)) {
	    retval = -1;
	    break;
	}
	if (fwrite(buf, sizeof(char), charsread, out) < charsread) {
	    retval = -2;
	    break;
	}
    } while (charsread > 0);

    if (fclose(inn) == EOF)
	retval = -1;
    if (fclose(out) == EOF)
	retval = -2;

    return retval;
}

/* Write a file out to disk.  If f_open isn't NULL, we assume that it is
 * a stream associated with the file, and we don't try to open it
 * ourselves.  If tmp is TRUE, we set the umask to disallow anyone else
 * from accessing the file, we don't set the filename to its name, and
 * we don't print out how many lines we wrote on the statusbar.
 *
 * tmp means we are writing a temporary file in a secure fashion.  We
 * use it when spell checking or dumping the file on an error.  If
 * append is APPEND, it means we are appending instead of overwriting.
 * If append is PREPEND, it means we are prepending instead of
 * overwriting.  If nonamechange is TRUE, we don't change the current
 * filename.  nonamechange is ignored if tmp is FALSE, we're appending,
 * or we're prepending.
 *
 * Return TRUE on success or FALSE on error. */
bool write_file(const char *name, FILE *f_open, bool tmp, append_type
	append, bool nonamechange)
{
    bool retval = FALSE;
	/* Instead of returning in this function, you should always
	 * set retval and then goto cleanup_and_exit. */
    size_t lineswritten = 0;
    const filestruct *fileptr = openfile->fileage;
    int fd;
	/* The file descriptor we use. */
    mode_t original_umask = 0;
	/* Our umask, from when nano started. */
#ifndef NANO_TINY
    bool realexists;
	/* The result of stat().  TRUE if the file exists, FALSE
	 * otherwise.  If name is a link that points nowhere, realexists
	 * is FALSE. */
#endif
    struct stat st;
	/* The status fields filled in by stat(). */
    char *realname;
	/* The filename after tilde expansion. */
    FILE *f = f_open;
	/* The actual file, realname, we are writing to. */
    char *tempname = NULL;
	/* The name of the temporary file we write to on prepend. */

    assert(name != NULL);

    if (*name == '\0')
	return -1;

    if (!tmp)
	titlebar(NULL);

    realname = real_dir_from_tilde(name);

#ifndef DISABLE_OPERATINGDIR
    /* If we're writing a temporary file, we're probably going outside
     * the operating directory, so skip the operating directory test. */
    if (!tmp && check_operating_dir(realname, FALSE)) {
	statusline(ALERT, _("Can't write outside of %s"), operating_dir);
	goto cleanup_and_exit;
    }
#endif

    /* If the temp file exists and isn't already open, give up. */
    if (tmp && (lstat(realname, &st) != -1) && f_open == NULL)
	goto cleanup_and_exit;

#ifndef NANO_TINY
    /* Check whether the file (at the end of the symlink) exists. */
    realexists = (stat(realname, &st) != -1);

    /* If we haven't stat()d this file before (say, the user just
     * specified it interactively), stat and save the value now,
     * or else we will chase null pointers when we do modtime checks,
     * preserve file times, and so on, during backup. */
    if (openfile->current_stat == NULL && !tmp && realexists)
	stat_with_alloc(realname, &openfile->current_stat);

    /* We backup only if the backup toggle is set, the file isn't
     * temporary, and the file already exists.  Furthermore, if we
     * aren't appending, prepending, or writing a selection, we backup
     * only if the file has not been modified by someone else since nano
     * opened it. */
    if (ISSET(BACKUP_FILE) && !tmp && realexists && ((append != OVERWRITE ||
		openfile->mark_set) || (openfile->current_stat &&
		openfile->current_stat->st_mtime == st.st_mtime))) {
	int backup_fd;
	FILE *backup_file;
	char *backupname;
	struct utimbuf filetime;
	int copy_status;
	int backup_cflags;

	/* Save the original file's access and modification times. */
	filetime.actime = openfile->current_stat->st_atime;
	filetime.modtime = openfile->current_stat->st_mtime;

	if (f_open == NULL) {
	    /* Open the original file to copy to the backup. */
	    f = fopen(realname, "rb");

	    if (f == NULL) {
		statusline(ALERT, _("Error reading %s: %s"), realname,
			strerror(errno));
		/* If we can't read from the original file, go on, since
		 * only saving the original file is better than saving
		 * nothing. */
		goto skip_backup;
	    }
	}

	/* If backup_dir is set, we set backupname to
	 * backup_dir/backupname~[.number], where backupname is the
	 * canonicalized absolute pathname of realname with every '/'
	 * replaced with a '!'.  This means that /home/foo/file is
	 * backed up in backup_dir/!home!foo!file~[.number]. */
	if (backup_dir != NULL) {
	    char *backuptemp = get_full_path(realname);

	    if (backuptemp == NULL)
		/* If get_full_path() failed, we don't have a
		 * canonicalized absolute pathname, so just use the
		 * filename portion of the pathname.  We use tail() so
		 * that e.g. ../backupname will be backed up in
		 * backupdir/backupname~ instead of
		 * backupdir/../backupname~. */
		backuptemp = mallocstrcpy(NULL, tail(realname));
	    else {
		size_t i = 0;

		for (; backuptemp[i] != '\0'; i++) {
		    if (backuptemp[i] == '/')
			backuptemp[i] = '!';
		}
	    }

	    backupname = charalloc(strlen(backup_dir) + strlen(backuptemp) + 1);
	    sprintf(backupname, "%s%s", backup_dir, backuptemp);
	    free(backuptemp);
	    backuptemp = get_next_filename(backupname, "~");
	    if (*backuptemp == '\0') {
		statusline(HUSH, _("Error writing backup file %s: %s"),
			backupname, _("Too many backup files?"));
		free(backuptemp);
		free(backupname);
		/* If we can't write to the backup, DON'T go on, since
		 * whatever caused the backup file to fail (e.g. disk
		 * full may well cause the real file write to fail,
		 * which means we could lose both the backup and the
		 * original! */
		goto cleanup_and_exit;
	    } else {
		free(backupname);
		backupname = backuptemp;
	    }
	} else {
	    backupname = charalloc(strlen(realname) + 2);
	    sprintf(backupname, "%s~", realname);
	}

	/* First, unlink any existing backups.  Next, open the backup
	 * file with O_CREAT and O_EXCL.  If it succeeds, we have a file
	 * descriptor to a new backup file. */
	if (unlink(backupname) < 0 && errno != ENOENT && !ISSET(INSECURE_BACKUP)) {
	    if (prompt_failed_backupwrite(backupname))
		goto skip_backup;
	    statusline(HUSH, _("Error writing backup file %s: %s"),
			backupname, strerror(errno));
	    free(backupname);
	    goto cleanup_and_exit;
	}

	if (ISSET(INSECURE_BACKUP))
	    backup_cflags = O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_APPEND;
	else
	    backup_cflags = O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_APPEND;

	backup_fd = open(backupname, backup_cflags,
		S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP | S_IROTH | S_IWOTH);
	/* Now we've got a safe file stream.  If the previous open()
	 * call failed, this will return NULL. */
	backup_file = fdopen(backup_fd, "wb");

	if (backup_fd < 0 || backup_file == NULL) {
	    statusline(HUSH, _("Error writing backup file %s: %s"),
			backupname, strerror(errno));
	    free(backupname);
	    goto cleanup_and_exit;
	}

	/* We shouldn't worry about chown()ing something if we're not
	 * root, since it's likely to fail! */
	if (geteuid() == NANO_ROOT_UID && fchown(backup_fd,
		openfile->current_stat->st_uid, openfile->current_stat->st_gid) == -1
		&& !ISSET(INSECURE_BACKUP)) {
	    if (prompt_failed_backupwrite(backupname))
		goto skip_backup;
	    statusline(HUSH, _("Error writing backup file %s: %s"),
			backupname, strerror(errno));
	    free(backupname);
	    fclose(backup_file);
	    goto cleanup_and_exit;
	}

	if (fchmod(backup_fd, openfile->current_stat->st_mode) == -1
		&& !ISSET(INSECURE_BACKUP)) {
	    if (prompt_failed_backupwrite(backupname))
		goto skip_backup;
	    statusline(HUSH, _("Error writing backup file %s: %s"),
			backupname, strerror(errno));
	    free(backupname);
	    fclose(backup_file);
	    /* If we can't write to the backup, DONT go on, since
	     * whatever caused the backup file to fail (e.g. disk
	     * full) may well cause the real file write to fail, which
	     * means we could lose both the backup and the original! */
	    goto cleanup_and_exit;
	}

#ifdef DEBUG
	fprintf(stderr, "Backing up %s to %s\n", realname, backupname);
#endif

	/* Copy the file. */
	copy_status = copy_file(f, backup_file);

	if (copy_status != 0) {
	    statusline(ALERT, _("Error reading %s: %s"), realname,
			strerror(errno));
	    goto cleanup_and_exit;
	}

	/* And set its metadata. */
	if (utime(backupname, &filetime) == -1 && !ISSET(INSECURE_BACKUP)) {
	    if (prompt_failed_backupwrite(backupname))
		goto skip_backup;
	    statusline(HUSH, _("Error writing backup file %s: %s"),
			backupname, strerror(errno));
	    /* If we can't write to the backup, DON'T go on, since
	     * whatever caused the backup file to fail (e.g. disk full
	     * may well cause the real file write to fail, which means
	     * we could lose both the backup and the original! */
	    goto cleanup_and_exit;
	}

	free(backupname);
    }

    skip_backup:
#endif /* !NANO_TINY */

    if (f_open == NULL) {
	original_umask = umask(0);

	/* If we create a temp file, we don't let anyone else access it.
	 * We create a temp file if tmp is TRUE. */
	if (tmp)
	    umask(S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO);
	else
	    umask(original_umask);
    }

    /* If we're prepending, copy the file to a temp file. */
    if (append == PREPEND) {
	int fd_source;
	FILE *f_source = NULL;

	if (f == NULL) {
	    f = fopen(realname, "rb");

	    if (f == NULL) {
		statusline(ALERT, _("Error reading %s: %s"), realname,
			strerror(errno));
		goto cleanup_and_exit;
	    }
	}

	tempname = safe_tempfile(&f);

	if (tempname == NULL) {
	    statusline(HUSH, _("Error writing temp file: %s"),
			strerror(errno));
	    goto cleanup_and_exit;
	}

	if (f_open == NULL) {
	    fd_source = open(realname, O_RDONLY | O_CREAT, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);

	    if (fd_source != -1) {
		f_source = fdopen(fd_source, "rb");
		if (f_source == NULL) {
		    statusline(ALERT, _("Error reading %s: %s"), realname,
				strerror(errno));
		    close(fd_source);
		    fclose(f);
		    unlink(tempname);
		    goto cleanup_and_exit;
		}
	    }
	}

	if (f_source == NULL || copy_file(f_source, f) != 0) {
	    statusline(HUSH, _("Error writing %s: %s"), tempname,
			strerror(errno));
	    unlink(tempname);
	    goto cleanup_and_exit;
	}
    }

    if (f_open == NULL) {
	/* Now open the file in place.  Use O_EXCL if tmp is TRUE.  This
	 * is copied from joe, because wiggy says so *shrug*. */
	fd = open(realname, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | ((append == APPEND) ?
		O_APPEND : (tmp ? O_EXCL : O_TRUNC)), S_IRUSR |
		S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP | S_IROTH | S_IWOTH);

	/* Set the umask back to the user's original value. */
	umask(original_umask);

	/* If we couldn't open the file, give up. */
	if (fd == -1) {
	    statusline(HUSH, _("Error writing %s: %s"), realname,
			strerror(errno));
	    if (tempname != NULL)
		unlink(tempname);
	    goto cleanup_and_exit;
	}

	f = fdopen(fd, (append == APPEND) ? "ab" : "wb");

	if (f == NULL) {
	    statusline(HUSH, _("Error writing %s: %s"), realname,
			strerror(errno));
	    close(fd);
	    goto cleanup_and_exit;
	}
    }

    /* There might not be a magicline.  There won't be when writing out
     * a selection. */
    assert(openfile->fileage != NULL && openfile->filebot != NULL);

    while (fileptr != NULL) {
	size_t data_len = strlen(fileptr->data), size;

	/* Convert newlines to nulls, just before we write to disk. */
	sunder(fileptr->data);

	size = fwrite(fileptr->data, sizeof(char), data_len, f);

	/* Convert nulls to newlines.  data_len is the string's real
	 * length. */
	unsunder(fileptr->data, data_len);

	if (size < data_len) {
	    statusline(HUSH, _("Error writing %s: %s"), realname,
			strerror(errno));
	    fclose(f);
	    goto cleanup_and_exit;
	}

	/* If we're on the last line of the file, don't write a newline
	 * character after it.  If the last line of the file is blank,
	 * this means that zero bytes are written, in which case we
	 * don't count the last line in the total lines written. */
	if (fileptr == openfile->filebot) {
	    if (fileptr->data[0] == '\0')
		lineswritten--;
	} else {
#ifndef NANO_TINY
	    if (openfile->fmt == DOS_FILE || openfile->fmt == MAC_FILE) {
		if (putc('\r', f) == EOF) {
		    statusline(HUSH, _("Error writing %s: %s"), realname,
				strerror(errno));
		    fclose(f);
		    goto cleanup_and_exit;
		}
	    }

	    if (openfile->fmt != MAC_FILE)
#endif
		if (putc('\n', f) == EOF) {
		    statusline(HUSH, _("Error writing %s: %s"), realname,
				strerror(errno));
		    fclose(f);
		    goto cleanup_and_exit;
		}
	}

	fileptr = fileptr->next;
	lineswritten++;
    }

    /* If we're prepending, open the temp file, and append it to f. */
    if (append == PREPEND) {
	int fd_source;
	FILE *f_source = NULL;

	fd_source = open(tempname, O_RDONLY | O_CREAT, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);

	if (fd_source != -1) {
	    f_source = fdopen(fd_source, "rb");
	    if (f_source == NULL)
		close(fd_source);
	}

	if (f_source == NULL) {
	    statusline(ALERT, _("Error reading %s: %s"), tempname,
			strerror(errno));
	    fclose(f);
	    goto cleanup_and_exit;
	}

	if (copy_file(f_source, f) == -1) {
	    statusline(HUSH, _("Error writing %s: %s"), realname,
			strerror(errno));
	    goto cleanup_and_exit;
	}

	unlink(tempname);
    } else if (fclose(f) != 0) {
	statusline(HUSH, _("Error writing %s: %s"), realname,
			strerror(errno));
	goto cleanup_and_exit;
    }

    if (!tmp && append == OVERWRITE) {
	if (!nonamechange) {
	    openfile->filename = mallocstrcpy(openfile->filename,
		realname);
#ifndef DISABLE_COLOR
	    /* We might have changed the filename, so update the colors
	     * to account for it, and then make sure we're using them. */
	    color_update();
	    color_init();

	    /* If color syntaxes are available and turned on, we need to
	     * call edit_refresh(). */
	    if (openfile->colorstrings != NULL && !ISSET(NO_COLOR_SYNTAX))
		edit_refresh();
#endif
	}

#ifndef NANO_TINY
	if (!openfile->mark_set)
	    /* Get or update the stat info to reflect the current state. */
	    stat_with_alloc(realname, &openfile->current_stat);
#endif

	statusline(HUSH, P_("Wrote %lu line", "Wrote %lu lines",
		(unsigned long)lineswritten), (unsigned long)lineswritten);
	openfile->modified = FALSE;
	titlebar(NULL);
    }

    retval = TRUE;

  cleanup_and_exit:
    free(realname);
    free(tempname);

    return retval;
}

#ifndef NANO_TINY
/* Write a marked selection from a file out to disk.  Return TRUE on
 * success or FALSE on error. */
bool write_marked_file(const char *name, FILE *f_open, bool tmp,
	append_type append)
{
    bool retval;
    bool old_modified = openfile->modified;
	/* Save the status, because write_file() unsets the modified flag. */
    bool added_magicline = FALSE;
	/* Whether we added a magicline after filebot. */
    filestruct *top, *bot;
    size_t top_x, bot_x;

    assert(openfile->mark_set);

    /* Partition the filestruct so that it contains only the marked text. */
    mark_order((const filestruct **)&top, &top_x,
		(const filestruct **)&bot, &bot_x, NULL);
    filepart = partition_filestruct(top, top_x, bot, bot_x);

    /* If we are doing magicline, and the last line of the partition
     * isn't blank, then add a newline at the end of the buffer. */
    if (!ISSET(NO_NEWLINES) && openfile->filebot->data[0] != '\0') {
	new_magicline();
	added_magicline = TRUE;
    }

    retval = write_file(name, f_open, tmp, append, TRUE);

    /* If we added a magicline, remove it now. */
    if (added_magicline)
	remove_magicline();

    /* Unpartition the filestruct so that it contains all the text again. */
    unpartition_filestruct(&filepart);

    if (old_modified)
	set_modified();

    return retval;
}

#endif /* !NANO_TINY */

/* Write the current file to disk.  If the mark is on, write the current
 * marked selection to disk.  If exiting is TRUE, write the entire file
 * to disk regardless of whether the mark is on, and without prompting if
 * the TEMP_FILE flag is set and the current file has a name.  Return 0
 * on error, 1 on success, and 2 when the buffer is to be discarded. */
int do_writeout(bool exiting)
{
    int i;
    append_type append = OVERWRITE;
    char *ans;
	/* The last answer the user typed at the statusbar prompt. */
#ifndef DISABLE_EXTRA
    static bool did_credits = FALSE;
#endif
    bool maychange = FALSE;
	/* Whether it's okay to save the file under a different name. */
    bool result = FALSE;

    if (exiting && openfile->filename[0] != '\0' && ISSET(TEMP_FILE)) {
	result = write_file(openfile->filename, NULL, FALSE, OVERWRITE, FALSE);

	if (result)
	    return 1;	/* The write succeeded. */
    }

    ans = mallocstrcpy(NULL,
#ifndef NANO_TINY
	(!exiting && openfile->mark_set) ? "" :
#endif
	openfile->filename);

    while (TRUE) {
	const char *msg;
#ifndef NANO_TINY
	const char *formatstr, *backupstr;

	formatstr = (openfile->fmt == DOS_FILE) ? _(" [DOS Format]") :
		    (openfile->fmt == MAC_FILE) ? _(" [Mac Format]") : "";

	backupstr = ISSET(BACKUP_FILE) ? _(" [Backup]") : "";

	/* If we're using restricted mode, don't display the "Write
	 * Selection to File" prompt.  This function is disabled, since
	 * it allows reading from or writing to files not specified on
	 * the command line. */
	if (!ISSET(RESTRICTED) && !exiting && openfile->mark_set)
	    msg = (append == PREPEND) ? _("Prepend Selection to File") :
		  (append == APPEND) ? _("Append Selection to File") :
		  _("Write Selection to File");
	else
#endif /* !NANO_TINY */
	    msg = (append == PREPEND) ? _("File Name to Prepend to") :
		  (append == APPEND) ? _("File Name to Append to") :
		  _("File Name to Write");

	present_path = mallocstrcpy(present_path, "./");

	/* If we're using restricted mode, and the filename isn't blank,
	 * disable tab completion. */
	i = do_prompt(!ISSET(RESTRICTED) ||
		openfile->filename[0] == '\0',
#ifndef DISABLE_TABCOMP
		TRUE,
#endif
		MWRITEFILE, ans,
#ifndef DISABLE_HISTORIES
		NULL,
#endif
		edit_refresh, "%s%s%s", msg,
#ifndef NANO_TINY
		formatstr, backupstr
#else
		"", ""
#endif
		);

	/* If the filename or command begins with a newline (i.e. an
	 * encoded null), treat it as though it's blank. */
	if (i < 0 || *answer == '\n') {
	    statusbar(_("Cancelled"));
	    break;
	} else {
	    functionptrtype func = func_from_key(&i);

	    /* Upon request, abandon the buffer, if user is sure. */
	    if (func == discard_buffer) {
		if (openfile->modified)
		    i = do_yesno_prompt(FALSE,
				_("Save modified buffer anyway? "));
		else
		    i = 0;

		if (i == 0) {
		    free(ans);
		    return 2;	/* Yes, discard the buffer. */
		} else
		    continue;	/* Go back to the filename prompt. */
	    }

	    ans = mallocstrcpy(ans, answer);

#ifndef DISABLE_BROWSER
	    if (func == to_files_void) {
		char *tmp = do_browse_from(answer);

		if (tmp == NULL)
		    continue;

		/* We have a file now.  Indicate this. */
		free(answer);
		answer = tmp;
	    } else
#endif /* !DISABLE_BROWSER */
#ifndef NANO_TINY
	    if (func == dos_format_void) {
		openfile->fmt = (openfile->fmt == DOS_FILE) ? NIX_FILE :
			DOS_FILE;
		continue;
	    } else if (func == mac_format_void) {
		openfile->fmt = (openfile->fmt == MAC_FILE) ? NIX_FILE :
			MAC_FILE;
		continue;
	    } else if (func == backup_file_void) {
		TOGGLE(BACKUP_FILE);
		continue;
	    } else
#endif /* !NANO_TINY */
	    if (func == prepend_void) {
		append = (append == PREPEND) ? OVERWRITE : PREPEND;
		continue;
	    } else if (func == append_void) {
		append = (append == APPEND) ? OVERWRITE : APPEND;
		continue;
	    } else if (func == do_help_void) {
		continue;
	    }

#ifdef DEBUG
	    fprintf(stderr, "filename is %s\n", answer);
#endif

#ifndef DISABLE_EXTRA
	    /* If the current file has been modified, we've pressed
	     * Ctrl-X at the edit window to exit, we've pressed "y" at
	     * the "Save modified buffer" prompt to save, we've entered
	     * "zzy" as the filename to save under (hence "xyzzy"), and
	     * this is the first time we've done this, show an Easter
	     * egg.  Display the credits. */
	    if (!did_credits && exiting && !ISSET(TEMP_FILE) &&
			strcasecmp(answer, "zzy") == 0) {
		do_credits();
		did_credits = TRUE;
		break;
	    }
#endif

	    if (append == OVERWRITE) {
		size_t answer_len = strlen(answer);
		bool name_exists, do_warning;
		char *full_answer, *full_filename;
		struct stat st;

		/* Convert newlines to nulls, just before we get the
		 * full path. */
		sunder(answer);

		full_answer = get_full_path(answer);
		full_filename = get_full_path(openfile->filename);
		name_exists = (stat((full_answer == NULL) ?
				answer : full_answer, &st) != -1);
		if (openfile->filename[0] == '\0')
		    do_warning = name_exists;
		else
		    do_warning = (strcmp((full_answer == NULL) ?
				answer : full_answer, (full_filename == NULL) ?
				openfile->filename : full_filename) != 0);

		/* Convert nulls to newlines.  answer_len is the
		 * string's real length. */
		unsunder(answer, answer_len);

		free(full_filename);
		free(full_answer);

		if (do_warning) {
		    /* If we're using restricted mode, we aren't allowed
		     * to overwrite an existing file with the current
		     * file.  We also aren't allowed to change the name
		     * of the current file if it has one, because that
		     * would allow reading from or writing to files not
		     * specified on the command line. */
		    if (ISSET(RESTRICTED))
			continue;

		    if (!maychange) {
#ifndef NANO_TINY
			if (exiting || !openfile->mark_set)
#endif
			{
			    i = do_yesno_prompt(FALSE,
					_("Save file under DIFFERENT NAME? "));
			    if (i < 1)
				continue;
			    maychange = TRUE;
			}
		    }

		    if (name_exists) {
			char *question = _("File \"%s\" exists; OVERWRITE? ");
			char *message = charalloc(strlen(question) +
						strlen(answer) + 1);
			sprintf(message, question, answer);

			i = do_yesno_prompt(FALSE, message);
			free(message);

			if (i < 1)
			    continue;
		    }
		}
#ifndef NANO_TINY
		/* Complain if the file exists, the name hasn't changed,
		 * and the stat information we had before does not match
		 * what we have now. */
		else if (name_exists && openfile->current_stat &&
			(openfile->current_stat->st_mtime < st.st_mtime ||
			openfile->current_stat->st_dev != st.st_dev ||
			openfile->current_stat->st_ino != st.st_ino)) {
		    i = do_yesno_prompt(FALSE,
				_("File was modified since you opened it;"
				  " continue saving? "));
		    if (i == 0 || i == -1)
			continue;
		}
#endif
	    }

	    /* Convert newlines to nulls, just before we save the file. */
	    sunder(answer);
	    align(&answer);

	    /* Here's where we allow the selected text to be written to
	     * a separate file.  If we're using restricted mode, this
	     * function is disabled, since it allows reading from or
	     * writing to files not specified on the command line. */
#ifndef NANO_TINY
	    if (!ISSET(RESTRICTED) && !exiting && openfile->mark_set)
		result = write_marked_file(answer, NULL, FALSE, append);
	    else
#endif
		result = write_file(answer, NULL, FALSE, append, FALSE);

	    break;
	}
    }

    free(ans);

    return result ? 1 : 0;
}

/* Write the current buffer to disk, or discard it. */
void do_writeout_void(void)
{
    /* If the user chose to discard the buffer, close it. */
    if (do_writeout(FALSE) == 2)
	close_and_go();

    display_main_list();
}

#ifndef NANO_TINY
/* If it has a name, write the current file to disk without prompting. */
void do_savefile(void)
{
    if (openfile->filename[0] != '\0')
	write_file(openfile->filename, NULL, FALSE, OVERWRITE, FALSE);
    else
	do_writeout_void();
}
#endif

/* Return a malloc()ed string containing the actual directory, used to
 * convert ~user/ and ~/ notation. */
char *real_dir_from_tilde(const char *buf)
{
    char *retval;

    assert(buf != NULL);

    if (*buf == '~') {
	size_t i = 1;
	char *tilde_dir;

	/* Figure out how much of the string we need to compare. */
	for (; buf[i] != '/' && buf[i] != '\0'; i++)
	    ;

	/* Get the home directory. */
	if (i == 1) {
	    get_homedir();
	    tilde_dir = mallocstrcpy(NULL, homedir);
	} else {
	    const struct passwd *userdata;

	    tilde_dir = mallocstrncpy(NULL, buf, i + 1);
	    tilde_dir[i] = '\0';

	    do {
		userdata = getpwent();
	    } while (userdata != NULL &&
			strcmp(userdata->pw_name, tilde_dir + 1) != 0);
	    endpwent();
	    if (userdata != NULL)
		tilde_dir = mallocstrcpy(tilde_dir, userdata->pw_dir);
	}

	retval = charalloc(strlen(tilde_dir) + strlen(buf + i) + 1);
	sprintf(retval, "%s%s", tilde_dir, buf + i);

	free(tilde_dir);
    } else
	retval = mallocstrcpy(NULL, buf);

    return retval;
}

#if !defined(DISABLE_TABCOMP) || !defined(DISABLE_BROWSER)
/* Our sort routine for file listings.  Sort alphabetically and
 * case-insensitively, and sort directories before filenames. */
int diralphasort(const void *va, const void *vb)
{
    struct stat fileinfo;
    const char *a = *(const char *const *)va;
    const char *b = *(const char *const *)vb;
    bool aisdir = stat(a, &fileinfo) != -1 && S_ISDIR(fileinfo.st_mode);
    bool bisdir = stat(b, &fileinfo) != -1 && S_ISDIR(fileinfo.st_mode);

    if (aisdir && !bisdir)
	return -1;
    if (!aisdir && bisdir)
	return 1;

    /* Standard function brain damage: We should be sorting
     * alphabetically and case-insensitively according to the current
     * locale, but there's no standard strcasecoll() function, so we
     * have to use multibyte strcasecmp() instead. */
    return mbstrcasecmp(a, b);
}

/* Free the memory allocated for array, which should contain len
 * elements. */
void free_chararray(char **array, size_t len)
{
    if (array == NULL)
	return;

    for (; len > 0; len--)
	free(array[len - 1]);

    free(array);
}
#endif

#ifndef DISABLE_TABCOMP
/* Is the given path a directory? */
bool is_dir(const char *buf)
{
    char *dirptr;
    struct stat fileinfo;
    bool retval;

    assert(buf != NULL);

    dirptr = real_dir_from_tilde(buf);

    retval = (stat(dirptr, &fileinfo) != -1 && S_ISDIR(fileinfo.st_mode));

    free(dirptr);

    return retval;
}

/* These functions, username_tab_completion(), cwd_tab_completion()
 * (originally exe_n_cwd_tab_completion()), and input_tab(), were
 * adapted from busybox 0.46 (cmdedit.c).  Here is the notice from that
 * file, with the copyright years updated:
 *
 * Termios command line History and Editting, originally
 * intended for NetBSD sh (ash)
 * Copyright (C) 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007
 *      Main code:            Adam Rogoyski <rogoyski@cs.utexas.edu>
 *      Etc:                  Dave Cinege <dcinege@psychosis.com>
 *  Majorly adjusted/re-written for busybox:
 *                            Erik Andersen <andersee@debian.org>
 *
 * You may use this code as you wish, so long as the original author(s)
 * are attributed in any redistributions of the source code.
 * This code is 'as is' with no warranty.
 * This code may safely be consumed by a BSD or GPL license. */

/* We consider the first buf_len characters of buf for ~username tab
 * completion. */
char **username_tab_completion(const char *buf, size_t *num_matches,
	size_t buf_len)
{
    char **matches = NULL;
    const struct passwd *userdata;

    assert(buf != NULL && num_matches != NULL && buf_len > 0);

    *num_matches = 0;

    while ((userdata = getpwent()) != NULL) {
	if (strncmp(userdata->pw_name, buf + 1, buf_len - 1) == 0) {
	    /* Cool, found a match.  Add it to the list.  This makes a
	     * lot more sense to me (Chris) this way... */

#ifndef DISABLE_OPERATINGDIR
	    /* ...unless the match exists outside the operating
	     * directory, in which case just go to the next match. */
	    if (check_operating_dir(userdata->pw_dir, TRUE))
		continue;
#endif

	    matches = (char **)nrealloc(matches, (*num_matches + 1) *
					sizeof(char *));
	    matches[*num_matches] = charalloc(strlen(userdata->pw_name) + 2);
	    sprintf(matches[*num_matches], "~%s", userdata->pw_name);
	    ++(*num_matches);
	}
    }
    endpwent();

    return matches;
}

/* We consider the first buf_len characters of buf for filename tab
 * completion. */
char **cwd_tab_completion(const char *buf, bool allow_files, size_t
	*num_matches, size_t buf_len)
{
    char *dirname = mallocstrcpy(NULL, buf);
    char *slash, *filename;
    size_t filenamelen;
    char **matches = NULL;
    DIR *dir;
    const struct dirent *nextdir;

    *num_matches = 0;
    null_at(&dirname, buf_len);

    /* If there's a / in the name, split out filename and directory parts. */
    slash = strrchr(dirname, '/');
    if (slash != NULL) {
	char *wasdirname = dirname;

	filename = mallocstrcpy(NULL, ++slash);
	/* Cut off the filename part after the slash. */
	*slash = '\0';
	dirname = real_dir_from_tilde(dirname);
	/* A non-absolute path is relative to the current browser directory. */
	if (dirname[0] != '/') {
	    dirname = charealloc(dirname, strlen(present_path) +
						strlen(wasdirname) + 1);
	    sprintf(dirname, "%s%s", present_path, wasdirname);
	}
	free(wasdirname);
    } else {
	filename = dirname;
	dirname = mallocstrcpy(NULL, present_path);
    }

    assert(dirname[strlen(dirname) - 1] == '/');

    dir = opendir(dirname);

    if (dir == NULL) {
	/* Don't print an error, just shut up and return. */
	beep();
	free(filename);
	free(dirname);
	return NULL;
    }

    filenamelen = strlen(filename);

    while ((nextdir = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
	bool skip_match = FALSE;

#ifdef DEBUG
	fprintf(stderr, "Comparing \'%s\'\n", nextdir->d_name);
#endif
	/* See if this matches. */
	if (strncmp(nextdir->d_name, filename, filenamelen) == 0 &&
		(*filename == '.' || (strcmp(nextdir->d_name, ".") != 0 &&
		strcmp(nextdir->d_name, "..") != 0))) {
	    /* Cool, found a match.  Add it to the list.  This makes a
	     * lot more sense to me (Chris) this way... */

	    char *tmp = charalloc(strlen(dirname) + strlen(nextdir->d_name) + 1);
	    sprintf(tmp, "%s%s", dirname, nextdir->d_name);

#ifndef DISABLE_OPERATINGDIR
	    /* ...unless the match exists outside the operating
	     * directory, in which case just go to the next match. */
	    if (check_operating_dir(tmp, TRUE))
		skip_match = TRUE;
#endif

	    /* ...or unless the match isn't a directory and allow_files
	     * isn't set, in which case just go to the next match. */
	    if (!allow_files && !is_dir(tmp))
		skip_match = TRUE;

	    free(tmp);

	    if (skip_match)
		continue;

	    matches = (char **)nrealloc(matches, (*num_matches + 1) *
					sizeof(char *));
	    matches[*num_matches] = mallocstrcpy(NULL, nextdir->d_name);
	    ++(*num_matches);
	}
    }

    closedir(dir);
    free(dirname);
    free(filename);

    return matches;
}

/* Do tab completion.  place refers to how much the statusbar cursor
 * position should be advanced.  refresh_func is the function we will
 * call to refresh the edit window. */
char *input_tab(char *buf, bool allow_files, size_t *place,
	bool *lastwastab, void (*refresh_func)(void), bool *listed)
{
    size_t num_matches = 0, buf_len;
    char **matches = NULL;

    assert(buf != NULL && place != NULL && *place <= strlen(buf) &&
		lastwastab != NULL && refresh_func != NULL && listed != NULL);

    *listed = FALSE;

    /* If the word starts with `~' and there is no slash in the word,
     * then try completing this word as a username. */
    if (*place > 0 && *buf == '~') {
	const char *slash = strchr(buf, '/');

	if (slash == NULL || slash >= buf + *place)
	    matches = username_tab_completion(buf, &num_matches, *place);
    }

    /* Match against files relative to the current working directory. */
    if (matches == NULL)
	matches = cwd_tab_completion(buf, allow_files, &num_matches, *place);

    buf_len = strlen(buf);

    if (num_matches == 0 || *place != buf_len)
	beep();
    else {
	size_t match, common_len = 0;
	char *mzero, *glued;
	const char *lastslash = revstrstr(buf, "/", buf + *place);
	size_t lastslash_len = (lastslash == NULL) ? 0 : lastslash - buf + 1;
	char *match1 = charalloc(mb_cur_max());
	char *match2 = charalloc(mb_cur_max());
	int match1_len, match2_len;

	/* Get the number of characters that all matches have in common. */
	while (TRUE) {
	    match1_len = parse_mbchar(matches[0] + common_len, match1, NULL);

	    for (match = 1; match < num_matches; match++) {
		match2_len = parse_mbchar(matches[match] + common_len,
						match2, NULL);
		if (match1_len != match2_len ||
				strncmp(match1, match2, match2_len) != 0)
		    break;
	    }

	    if (match < num_matches || matches[0][common_len] == '\0')
		break;

	    common_len += match1_len;
	}

	free(match1);
	free(match2);

	mzero = charalloc(lastslash_len + common_len + 1);

	strncpy(mzero, buf, lastslash_len);
	strncpy(mzero + lastslash_len, matches[0], common_len);

	common_len += lastslash_len;
	mzero[common_len] = '\0';

	/* Cover also the case of the user specifying a relative path. */
	glued = charalloc(strlen(present_path) + strlen(mzero) + 1);
	sprintf(glued, "%s%s", present_path, mzero);

	assert(common_len >= *place);

	if (num_matches == 1 && (is_dir(mzero) || is_dir(glued))) {
	    mzero[common_len++] = '/';

	    assert(common_len > *place);
	}

	if (num_matches > 1 && (common_len != *place || !*lastwastab))
	    beep();

	/* If the matches have something in common, show that part. */
	if (common_len != *place) {
	    buf = charealloc(buf, common_len + buf_len - *place + 1);
	    charmove(buf + common_len, buf + *place, buf_len - *place + 1);
	    strncpy(buf, mzero, common_len);
	    *place = common_len;
	}

	if (!*lastwastab)
	    *lastwastab = TRUE;
	else if (num_matches > 1) {
	    int longest_name = 0, ncols, editline = 0;

	    /* Sort the list of available choices. */
	    qsort(matches, num_matches, sizeof(char *), diralphasort);

	    /* Find the length of the longest among the choices. */
	    for (match = 0; match < num_matches; match++) {
		size_t namelen = strlenpt(matches[match]);

		if (namelen > longest_name)
		    longest_name = namelen;
	    }

	    if (longest_name > COLS - 1)
		longest_name = COLS - 1;

	    /* Each column will be (longest_name + 2) columns wide, i.e.
	     * two spaces between columns, except that there will be
	     * only one space after the last column. */
	    ncols = (COLS + 1) / (longest_name + 2);

	    /* Blank the edit window and hide the cursor. */
	    blank_edit();
	    curs_set(0);
	    wmove(edit, 0, 0);

	    /* Now print the list of matches out there. */
	    for (match = 0; match < num_matches; match++) {
		char *disp;

		wmove(edit, editline, (longest_name + 2) * (match % ncols));

		if (match % ncols == 0 && editline == editwinrows - 1 &&
			num_matches - match > ncols) {
		    waddstr(edit, _("(more)"));
		    break;
		}

		disp = display_string(matches[match], 0, longest_name, FALSE);
		waddstr(edit, disp);
		free(disp);

		if ((match + 1) % ncols == 0)
		    editline++;
	    }

	    wnoutrefresh(edit);
	    *listed = TRUE;
	}

	free(glued);
	free(mzero);
    }

    free_chararray(matches, num_matches);

    /* When we didn't list any matches now, refresh the edit window, just
     * in case a previous tab showed a list, so we know where we are. */
    if (!*listed)
	refresh_func();

    return buf;
}
#endif /* !DISABLE_TABCOMP */

/* Return the filename part of the given path. */
const char *tail(const char *path)
{
    const char *slash = strrchr(path, '/');

    if (slash == NULL)
	return path;
    else
	return ++slash;
}

#ifndef DISABLE_HISTORIES
/* Return the constructed dirfile path, or NULL if we can't find the home
 * directory.  The string is dynamically allocated, and should be freed. */
char *construct_filename(const char *str)
{
    char *newstr = NULL;

    if (homedir != NULL) {
	size_t homelen = strlen(homedir);

	newstr = charalloc(homelen + strlen(str) + 1);
	strcpy(newstr, homedir);
	strcpy(newstr + homelen, str);
    }

    return newstr;
}

char *histfilename(void)
{
    return construct_filename("/.nano/search_history");
}

/* Construct the legacy history filename.
 * (Deprecate in 2.5, delete later.) */
char *legacyhistfilename(void)
{
    return construct_filename("/.nano_history");
}

char *poshistfilename(void)
{
    return construct_filename("/.nano/filepos_history");
}

void history_error(const char *msg, ...)
{
    va_list ap;

    va_start(ap, msg);
    vfprintf(stderr, _(msg), ap);
    va_end(ap);

    fprintf(stderr, _("\nPress Enter to continue\n"));
    while (getchar() != '\n')
	;
}

/* Now that we have more than one history file, let's just rely on a
 * .nano dir for this stuff.  Return 1 if the dir exists or was
 * successfully created, and return 0 otherwise. */
int check_dotnano(void)
{
    int ret = 1;
    struct stat dirstat;
    char *nanodir = construct_filename("/.nano");

    if (stat(nanodir, &dirstat) == -1) {
	if (mkdir(nanodir, S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO) == -1) {
	    history_error(N_("Unable to create directory %s: %s\n"
			     "It is required for saving/loading search history or cursor positions.\n"),
				nanodir, strerror(errno));
	    ret = 0;
	}
    } else if (!S_ISDIR(dirstat.st_mode)) {
	history_error(N_("Path %s is not a directory and needs to be.\n"
			 "Nano will be unable to load or save search history or cursor positions.\n"),
				nanodir);
	ret = 0;
    }

    free(nanodir);
    return ret;
}

/* Load the search and replace histories from ~/.nano/search_history. */
void load_history(void)
{
    char *nanohist = histfilename();
    char *legacyhist = legacyhistfilename();
    struct stat hstat;

    if (stat(legacyhist, &hstat) != -1 && stat(nanohist, &hstat) == -1) {
	if (rename(legacyhist, nanohist) == -1)
	    history_error(N_("Detected a legacy nano history file (%s) which I tried to move\n"
			     "to the preferred location (%s) but encountered an error: %s"),
				legacyhist, nanohist, strerror(errno));
	else
	    history_error(N_("Detected a legacy nano history file (%s) which I moved\n"
			     "to the preferred location (%s)\n(see the nano FAQ about this change)"),
				legacyhist, nanohist);
    }

    /* Assume do_rcfile() has reported a missing home directory. */
    if (nanohist != NULL) {
	FILE *hist = fopen(nanohist, "rb");

	if (hist == NULL) {
	    if (errno != ENOENT) {
		/* Don't save history when we quit. */
		UNSET(HISTORYLOG);
		history_error(N_("Error reading %s: %s"), nanohist,
			strerror(errno));
	    }
	} else {
	    /* Load a history list (first the search history, then the
	     * replace history) from the oldest entry to the newest.
	     * Assume the last history entry is a blank line. */
	    filestruct **history = &search_history;
	    char *line = NULL;
	    size_t buf_len = 0;
	    ssize_t read;

	    while ((read = getline(&line, &buf_len, hist)) >= 0) {
		if (read > 0 && line[read - 1] == '\n') {
		    read--;
		    line[read] = '\0';
		}
		if (read > 0) {
		    unsunder(line, read);
		    update_history(history, line);
		} else
		    history = &replace_history;
	    }

	    fclose(hist);
	    free(line);
	}
	free(nanohist);
	free(legacyhist);
    }
}

/* Write the lines of a history list, starting with the line at h, to
 * the open file at hist.  Return TRUE if the write succeeded, and FALSE
 * otherwise. */
bool writehist(FILE *hist, filestruct *h)
{
    filestruct *p;

    /* Write a history list from the oldest entry to the newest.  Assume
     * the last history entry is a blank line. */
    for (p = h; p != NULL; p = p->next) {
	size_t p_len = strlen(p->data);

	sunder(p->data);

	if (fwrite(p->data, sizeof(char), p_len, hist) < p_len ||
		putc('\n', hist) == EOF)
	    return FALSE;
    }

    return TRUE;
}

/* Save the search and replace histories to ~/.nano/search_history. */
void save_history(void)
{
    char *nanohist;

    /* Don't save unchanged or empty histories. */
    if (!history_has_changed() || (searchbot->lineno == 1 &&
		replacebot->lineno == 1))
	return;

    nanohist = histfilename();

    if (nanohist != NULL) {
	FILE *hist = fopen(nanohist, "wb");

	if (hist == NULL)
	    fprintf(stderr, _("Error writing %s: %s\n"), nanohist,
			strerror(errno));
	else {
	    /* Make sure no one else can read from or write to the
	     * history file. */
	    chmod(nanohist, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);

	    if (!writehist(hist, searchage) || !writehist(hist, replaceage))
		fprintf(stderr, _("Error writing %s: %s\n"), nanohist,
			strerror(errno));

	    fclose(hist);
	}

	free(nanohist);
    }
}

/* Save the recorded last file positions to ~/.nano/filepos_history. */
void save_poshistory(void)
{
    char *poshist = poshistfilename();
    char *statusstr = NULL;
    poshiststruct *posptr;
    FILE *hist;

    if (poshist == NULL)
	return;

    hist = fopen(poshist, "wb");

    if (hist == NULL)
	fprintf(stderr, _("Error writing %s: %s\n"), poshist, strerror(errno));
    else {
	/* Don't allow others to read or write the history file. */
	chmod(poshist, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);

	for (posptr = position_history; posptr != NULL; posptr = posptr->next) {
	    /* Assume 20 decimal positions each for line and column number,
	     * plus two spaces, plus the line feed, plus the null byte. */
	    statusstr = charalloc(strlen(posptr->filename) + 44);
	    sprintf(statusstr, "%s %ld %ld\n", posptr->filename, (long)posptr->lineno,
			(long)posptr->xno);
	    if (fwrite(statusstr, sizeof(char), strlen(statusstr), hist) < strlen(statusstr))
		fprintf(stderr, _("Error writing %s: %s\n"), poshist, strerror(errno));
	    free(statusstr);
	}
	fclose(hist);
    }
    free(poshist);
}

/* Update the recorded last file positions, given a filename, a line
 * and a column.  If no entry is found, add a new one at the end. */
void update_poshistory(char *filename, ssize_t lineno, ssize_t xpos)
{
    poshiststruct *posptr, *theone, *posprev = NULL;
    char *fullpath = get_full_path(filename);

    if (fullpath == NULL || fullpath[strlen(fullpath) - 1] == '/') {
	free(fullpath);
	return;
    }

    /* Look for a matching filename in the list. */
    for (posptr = position_history; posptr != NULL; posptr = posptr->next) {
	if (!strcmp(posptr->filename, fullpath))
	    break;
	posprev = posptr;
    }

    /* Don't record files that have the default cursor position. */
    if (lineno == 1 && xpos == 1) {
	if (posptr != NULL) {
	    if (posprev == NULL)
		position_history = posptr->next;
	    else
		posprev->next = posptr->next;
	    free(posptr->filename);
	    free(posptr);
	}
	free(fullpath);
	return;
    }

    theone = posptr;

    /* If we didn't find it, make a new node; otherwise, if we're
     * not at the end, move the matching one to the end. */
    if (theone == NULL) {
	theone = (poshiststruct *)nmalloc(sizeof(poshiststruct));
	theone->filename = mallocstrcpy(NULL, fullpath);
	if (position_history == NULL)
	    position_history = theone;
	else
	    posprev->next = theone;
    } else if (posptr->next != NULL) {
	if (posprev == NULL)
	    position_history = posptr->next;
	else
	    posprev->next = posptr->next;
	while (posptr->next != NULL)
	    posptr = posptr->next;
	posptr->next = theone;
    }

    /* Store the last cursor position. */
    theone->lineno = lineno;
    theone->xno = xpos;
    theone->next = NULL;

    free(fullpath);
}

/* Check the recorded last file positions to see if the given file
 * matches an existing entry.  If so, return 1 and set line and column
 * to the retrieved values.  Otherwise, return 0. */
int check_poshistory(const char *file, ssize_t *line, ssize_t *column)
{
    poshiststruct *posptr;
    char *fullpath = get_full_path(file);

    if (fullpath == NULL)
	return 0;

    for (posptr = position_history; posptr != NULL; posptr = posptr->next) {
	if (!strcmp(posptr->filename, fullpath)) {
	    *line = posptr->lineno;
	    *column = posptr->xno;
	    free(fullpath);
	    return 1;
	}
    }
    free(fullpath);
    return 0;
}

/* Load the recorded file positions from ~/.nano/filepos_history. */
void load_poshistory(void)
{
    char *poshist = poshistfilename();
    FILE *hist;

    /* If the home directory is missing, do_rcfile() will have reported it. */
    if (poshist == NULL)
	return;

    hist = fopen(poshist, "rb");

    if (hist == NULL) {
	if (errno != ENOENT) {
	    /* When reading failed, don't save history when we quit. */
	    UNSET(POS_HISTORY);
	    history_error(N_("Error reading %s: %s"), poshist, strerror(errno));
	}
    } else {
	char *line = NULL, *lineptr, *xptr;
	size_t buf_len = 0;
	ssize_t read, count = 0;
	poshiststruct *record_ptr = NULL, *newrecord;

	/* Read and parse each line, and store the extracted data. */
	while ((read = getline(&line, &buf_len, hist)) > 2) {
	    if (line[read - 1] == '\n')
		line[--read] = '\0';
	    unsunder(line, read);

	    lineptr = parse_next_word(line);
	    xptr = parse_next_word(lineptr);

	    /* Create a new position record. */
	    newrecord = (poshiststruct *)nmalloc(sizeof(poshiststruct));
	    newrecord->filename = mallocstrcpy(NULL, line);
	    newrecord->lineno = atoi(lineptr);
	    newrecord->xno = atoi(xptr);
	    newrecord->next = NULL;

	    /* Add the record to the list. */
	    if (position_history == NULL)
		position_history = newrecord;
	    else
		record_ptr->next = newrecord;

	    record_ptr = newrecord;

	    /* Impose a limit, so the file will not grow indefinitely. */
	    if (++count > 200) {
		poshiststruct *drop_record = position_history;

		position_history = position_history->next;

		free(drop_record->filename);
		free(drop_record);
	    }
	}
	fclose(hist);
	free(line);
    }
    free(poshist);
}
#endif /* !DISABLE_HISTORIES */